utopian desire to create a new spiritual society
at the beginning was unity of arts & crafts movement to build for the future
ideas from all of the advanced art and design movements were explored and applied to functional design
Gropius - 1st director of Bahaus
Itten - 1st foundations program
Joseph Albers - 1st graduate who also taught there
Van der Rohe - final director
Bayer - designed universal alphabet
Moholy Naig - replaces Itten and becomes Gropius' right hand man
far left - tyopophoto
middle - photogram
far right - photoplastic
Universal typeface
no capitals
silly to have two alphabets
harder to read
MOVIE BREAK ON BAUHAUS
Jan Tschichold- hand lettered advertisement
son of designer/painter
studies calligraphy as a child
most German typography printed in Textura
designs constructed on underlying grid/mathematical structure
In what way is Tschichold like Morris, Elbert, Hubbard/Roycrofters, and Wiener Werkkstatte
gives ideas of Bahaus practical express
writing pamphlets for lowly printers to understand
Herbert Madder
SWITZERLAND POSTER
Swiss born and later moved to America
pioneered use of photomontage in poster design
defined what modern poster design could be
major scale shifts
very clear and efficient approach to typography
repeating figures
swiss flag as airbrush element
diagonal lines
Modernism starts filtering in
very open and generous white space
Lester Beal
brings modern aesthetic to american population
PIONEERS & PIORIA
likes arrows, bars, rules, sans serif typography, and old wood typography
Royal Electrification Administration (1937)
simplified regular form
figure in ground
doesn't need paragraphs of text or electric wires
Corporations begin playing important role in design and spreading gospels of design to the people
Cardboard boxes
easy to ship
not heavy
Steven Heller
member of New York Mafia
takes young designers to write books and he writes the forwards
editor of New York Times
International Style
modern ideas begin to take form
typeface design, graphic design, fine art, architecture, etc
looking for universal truths
what are pure aesthetics for architecture communication
how can we make pure clean efficient works
went horribly wrong
get a terrible reputation in 60s
gets "bastardized" by corporations
from 60s - 80s no one used Helvetica
Conclusion
It's kind of interesting to see when using white space became popular. Slowly but surely design is beginning to become more and more modern. I still wonder what it was like to design back then. I'm so used to having printers and scanners and computers with all these different typefaces readily available but back then it was way harder. It was way different. Sometimes I wish I could experience it just to see what it's like.
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